GINKGO BILOBA
Ginkgo Herbal Extract
Ginkgo
Biloba
Promotes Learning*
Helps Boost Mental Clarity*
Supports Improved Natural Energy Levels*
Where Ginkgo Biloba is found
Native to:
Asia
About GINKGO BILOBA
Ginkgo Biloba is a natural herbal extract from a leaf that is traditionally used for its antioxidant properties to prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and enhance cognition.
Ginkgo, also called maidenhair tree, is native to China and is one of the world’s oldest living tree species – estimated around 270 million years ago. Ginkgo has been planted since ancient times in Chinese and Japanese temple gardens and is now valued in many parts of the world as a fungus and insect-resistant ornamental tree. Ginkgo has been much used in traditional Chinese medicine. Toward the end of the 20th century, ginkgo extract became popular in many countries for its purported memory-enhancing properties, and the chemical constituents of the plant are under investigation as a possible treatment for Alzheimer disease.
How GINKGO BILOBA Works
Flavonoid Glycosides:
How do Flavonoids Work?
Natural Antioxidants Flavonoids are secondary metabolites synthesized mainly by plants.
Flavonoids are considered as an indispensable component in a variety of nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, medicinal, and cosmetic applications. This is attributed to their anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-carcinogenic properties coupled with their capacity to modulate key cellular enzyme function. Flavonoids are an important class of natural products; particularly, they belong to a class of plant secondary metabolites having a polyphenolic structure, widely found in fruits, vegetables, and certain beverages. They have miscellaneous favorable biochemical and antioxidant effects associated with various diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, atherosclerosis, etc.
source https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5465813/
Serotonin:
Stress and depression and associated mental health problems have increased tremendously in modern times. The search for effective and safe alternatives from natural sources especially plant products should, therefore, continue. Forced immobilization is one of the best explored models of stress and the role of corticosterone, serotonin and catecholamines, i.e. norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA) is well documented. Numerous studies have shown that Ginkgo biloba has antioxidant and neuroprotective properties and utility in cerebrovascular insufficiency and impaired cerebral performance. We investigated the effect of G. biloba on whole brain catecholamine, serotonin and plasma corticosterone levels following 1, 2 and 4 h restraint stress using HPLC and also plasma corticosterone using luminescence spectrophotometry. G. biloba extract (14 mg/kg p.o.) restored restraint stress-induced elevation in whole brain levels of catecholamines (NE, DA), 5-HT and plasma corticosterone to near normal levels. Further studies are warranted to explore the clinical potential of this encouraging lead in the management of stress and to elucidate the mechanisms involved.
Serotonin Function Support
Studies
1. Aging Dis. 2017 Dec; 8(6): 812–826. Published online 2017 Dec1. doi: 10.14336/AD.2017.0615 PMID: 29344418
Advances in the Studies of Ginkgo Biloba Leaves Extract on Aging-Related Diseases
Abstract: The prevalence of degenerative disorders in public health has promoted in-depth investigations of the underlying pathogenesis and the development of new treatment drugs. Ginkgo biloba leaves extract (EGb) is obtained from Ginkgo biloba leaves and has been used for thousands of years. In recent decades, both basic and clinical studies have established the effects of EGb. It is widely used in various degenerative diseases such as cerebrovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease, macroangiopathy and more. Here, we reviewed several pharmacological mechanisms of EGb, including its antioxidant properties, prevention of mitochondrial dysfunctions, and effect on apoptosis. We also described some clinical applications of EGb, such as its effect on neuro and cardiovascular protection, and anticancer properties. The above biological functions of EGb are mainly focused on aging-related disorders, but its effect on other diseases remains unclear. Thus, through this review, we aim to encourage further studies on EGb and discover more potential applications. Link - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5758353/
2. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2011; 2011: 164139. Published online 2011 Aug 18.doi:10.1155/2011/164139 PMID: 21941584
Examining Brain-Cognition Effects of Ginkgo Biloba Extract: Brain Activation in the Left Temporal and Left Prefrontal Cortex in an Object Working Memory Task
Abstract: Ginkgo Biloba extract (GBE) is increasingly used to alleviate symptoms of age related cognitive impairment, with preclinical evidence pointing to a pro-cholinergic effect. While a number of behavioral studies have reported improvements to working memory (WM) associated with GBE, electrophysiological studies of GBE have typically been limited to recordings during a resting state. The current study investigated the chronic effects of GBE on steady state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) topography in nineteen healthy middle-aged (50-61 year old) male participants whilst completing an object WM task. A randomized double-blind crossover design was employed in which participants were allocated to receive 14 days GBE and 14 days placebo in random order. For both groups, SSVEP was recorded from 64 scalp electrode sites during the completion of an object WM task both pre- and 14 days post-treatment. GBE was found to improve behavioural performance on the WM task. GBE was also found to increase the SSVEP amplitude at occipital and frontal sites and increase SSVEP latency at left temporal and left frontal sites during the hold component of the WM task. These SSVEP changes associated with GBE may represent more efficient processing during WM task completion. Link https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3166615/
3. J Pharm Health Care Sci. 2015; 1: 14. Published online 2015 Apr 10. doi: 10.1186/s40780-015-0014-7 PMID: 26819725
Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of Ginkgo biloba extract for the treatment of dementia
Results: Thirteen studies using the extract EGb761 met our inclusion criteria, which were duration of 12 to 52 weeks and daily dose of more than 120 mg, and included a total of 2381 patients. Meta-analysis was performed by using 9 of 13 studies, 7 of which used the SKT and 2 ADAS-Cog (dose 120 mg, 26 weeks) scores as efficacy parameters. In meta-analysis of all patients, SMDs (95% confidence interval [CI]) in the change in SKT scores (7 studies) were in favor of Ginkgo biloba over placebo (SMD = –0.90 [–1.46, –0.34]), but 2 studies that used ADAS-Cog did not show a statistically significant difference from placebo for ADAS-Cog (–0.06 [–0.41, 0.30]). For Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) subgroups, SMDs [95% CI] in SKT in the combined AD and VaD subgroup (–1.07 [–1.66, –0.47]) and AD subgroup (–1.36 [–2.27, –0.46]) were in favor of Ginkgo biloba over placebo. In terms of daily dose of Ginkgo biloba in the combined AD and VaD subgroup, SMD in SKT score in 240-mg daily dose groups was significantly greater than with placebo (–0.71 [–1.28, –0.14]). Dropout rates for any reason did not differ between two groups, but dropout rates due to side effects were significantly lower in Ginkgo biloba groups compared with placebo groups (OR = 1.72 [1.06, 2.80]). Link https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4729005/
*These statements have not been evaluated by the federal drug administration. This Product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Focus + Memory + Mood NOOTROPIC